Pachystachys lutea Nees
Golden shrimp plant, lollipop plant
Shrimp plant is native to Mexico (or Peru?). It is not found in the wild in the US.
Golden shimp plants are easily confused with yellow shrimp plants—even at close range, they look nearly the same. But the yellow shrimp plants Justicia brandegeana are really cultivars of the red shrimp plant, while the closely related golden shrimp plant, Pachystachys lutea, is a different genus. If you are growing these plants, the difference matters, because the latter (golden) is not as cold hardy or drought tolerant.
Plants: Shrimp plants are 3–4′ (91–121 cm) tall. Leaves are oval, 1–3″ (3–7.5 cm) long. Stems and leaves are downy.
Leaves: Lanceolate to elliptic, heavily veined, medium green leaves are up to 6″ (15 cm) long.
Flowers: Branches are topped by yellow “flowers” that are really bracts—modified leaves. These have a shape and texture suggestive of shrimp, hence the common name. They are about 6″ (15 cm) long and bright yellow. The bracts grow in segments like sections of shrimp shells, sometimes reaching as much as a foot in length. The real flowers are white, tubular, with long throats containing deep red speckles. They show bilateral symmetry. They are about ¾″ (1.9 cm), and fairly inconspicuous compared to the yellow bracts.
Fruits: Small capsules contain numerous seeds.
Habitats: Rich, moist, tropical conditions.
Online References:
8/31/2013 · Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond, Virginia · ≈ 7 × 7″ (18 × 18 cm) 
8/31/2013 · Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond, Virginia · ≈ 7 × 10″ (16 × 25 cm) 
4/10/2015 · Naples Botanical Garden, Naples, Florida · ≈ 15 × 10″ (37 × 25 cm) 
4/10/2015 · Naples Botanical Garden, Naples, Florida · ≈ 8 × 10″ (21 × 25 cm) 
| Kingdom | Plantae | Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae (from Stearn's Botanical Latin) |
| Subkingdom | Tracheobionta | Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients |
| Division | Magnoliophyta | Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms |
| Class | Magnoliopsida | Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves |
| Subclass | Asteridae | A large class that encompasses asters |
| Order | Lamiales | Aromatic herbs and shrubs, including lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, ash, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, mint, basil, and rosemary |
| Family | Acanthaceae | Acanthus family, of tropical herbs and shrubs |
| Genus | Pachystachys | From the Greek for “thick spike,” referring to the flower heads |
| Species | lutea | Yellow, from a source of yellow dye called lutum |
Pachystachys lutea description by Thomas H. Kent, not updated.
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