Sarracenia purpurea L.
Purple pitcher plant, American pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant
Purple pitcher plants, so named for their pitcher-like structures, are among very few plants that are carnivorous (technically “insectivorous,” but “carnivorous” sounds way more dramatic). The “pitchers,” which contain rainwater scented to attract insects, are ringed with slippery, downward-pointing hairs. Unwary insects fall into the watery fluid, and are digested by enzymes and bacteria. This clever trick allows pitcher plants to thrive in bogs which are severely deficient in nutrients. (Ironically, midge and mosquito larvae are mysteriously immune to the digestive enzymes, using the fluid as a safe haven for development.) Pitcher plants are North American natives. For information on this and other insectivorous bog-dwelling species, see Field Trip Through a Maine Raised Bog.
Plants: These plants are unmistakable. They are only found in bogs. Pitcher plant leaves form a rosette that remains near the ground. The “pitchers” arise vertically, open on the top, partially covered by a hoodlike structure.
Leaves: Leaves may be yellow-green (with deep red veins), red, or dark purple.
Flowers: On tall leafless stems up to 2′ (60 cm) in height, nodding over and hanging downward. They are glossy and rose pink to dark red. The flowers inside are white, with yellow stamens, but are difficult to see from above.
Fruits: A round, five-celled seed capsule ¾″ (1.9 cm) in diameter. It changes from green to yellow to red to brown, then splitting open to expose numerous brown seeds.
Habitats: Bogs.
Online References:
5/15/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 1 × 1′ (36 × 34 cm) 
5/15/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (23 × 15 cm) 
5/22/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (15 × 23 cm) 
7/24/2010 · Acton Arboretum, Acton, Massachusetts · ≈ 16 × 12″ (39 × 29 cm) 
8/3/2025 · Saco Heath Preserve, Saco, Maine 
8/3/2025 · Saco Heath Preserve, Saco, Maine · ≈ 4 × 3″ (10 × 7.5 cm) 
5/22/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 11 × 9″ (26 × 23 cm) 
2/26/2010 · San Diego Zoo, San Diego, California
ID is uncertain 
9/20/2009 · Wild Gardens of Acadia, Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine · ≈ 2 × 1′ (62 × 41 cm) 
5/22/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 14 cm) 
The sparse-leaved vines are Vaccinium oxycoccos, small cranberry. · 8/22/2020 · Kettle Hole Bog, Hidden Valley Nature Center, Jefferson, Maine · ≈ 12 × 8″ (31 × 20 cm) 
8/3/2025 · Saco Heath Preserve, Saco, Maine · ≈ 4 × 5″ (10 × 12 cm) 
8/22/2020 · Kettle Hole Bog, Hidden Valley Nature Center, Jefferson, Maine · ≈ 7 × 7″ (18 × 17 cm) 
2/26/2010 · San Diego Zoo, San Diego, California
ID is uncertain 
2/26/2010 · San Diego Zoo, San Diego, California
ID is uncertain 
5/15/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 13 × 9″ (32 × 24 cm) 
At far left, there is some sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) · 8/22/2020 · Kettle Hole Bog, Hidden Valley Nature Center, Jefferson, Maine · ≈ 7 × 6″ (17 × 14 cm) 
8/22/2020 · Kettle Hole Bog, Hidden Valley Nature Center, Jefferson, Maine · ≈ 12 × 8″ (31 × 20 cm) 
9/20/2009 · Wild Gardens of Acadia, Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine · ≈ 10 × 15″ (26 × 39 cm) 
7/24/2010 · Acton Arboretum, Acton, Massachusetts · ≈ 2 × 1′ (62 × 41 cm) 
9/14/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 12 × 14″ (29 × 35 cm) 
5/22/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 5 × 5″ (12 × 13 cm) 
9/14/2010 · Garden in the Woods, Framingham, Massachusetts · ≈ 15 × 10″ (39 × 26 cm) 
7/24/2010 · Acton Arboretum, Acton, Massachusetts · ≈ 9 × 12″ (22 × 30 cm) 
| Kingdom | Plantae | Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae (from Stearn's Botanical Latin) |
| Subkingdom | Tracheobionta | Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients |
| Division | Magnoliophyta | Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms |
| Class | Magnoliopsida | Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves |
| Subclass | Caryophyllidae | Cacti, many other succulents, carnivorous plants, and leadworts |
| Order | Nepenthales | Carniverous (or more precisely insectiverous) plants |
| Family | Sarraceniaceae | Pitcher plant (bug-eating plants) family |
| Genus | Sarracenia | For early 18th century physician Dr. Michel Sarrasin |
| Species | purpurea | From Greek for “purple” |
Sarracenia purpurea description by Thomas H. Kent, not updated.
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